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	<span style="background:#5A9E6F; color:#FFF; padding:3px 14px; border-radius:12px; font-size:80%; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:1px;">METHODS & TOOLS</span>		<span style="background:#5A9E6F; color:#FFF; padding:3px 14px; border-radius:12px; font-size:80%; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:1px;">METHODS & TOOLS</span>

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<span style="background:#5A9E6F; color:#FFF; padding:3px 14px; border-radius:12px; font-size:80%; font-weight:bold; letter-spacing:1px;">METHODS & TOOLS</span>

'''Methods and Tools for External Hazard Assessment'''

The [[Hazards|Hazards catalog]] describes ''what'' can threaten a plant; this section describes ''how'' those threats are evaluated — from initial screening through probabilistic quantification and programmatic integration.

This page catalogs selected analytical methods, software tools, and field processes used across external hazard assessments at nuclear power plants. This is ''not'' an exhaustive set of methods and tools. Individual method/tool/process pages provide detailed descriptions, workflow diagrams, and key references; links are provided where such pages are available.

== Methods and Tools: from Screening to Integration ==

A typical external hazard assessment moves through several functional stages. The methods and tools cataloged here map onto those stages, and most assessments will use a combination of them.

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#D6E4F0; color:#2C5F7C;" | Functional Stage
! style="background:#D6E4F0; color:#2C5F7C;" | What Happens
! style="background:#D6E4F0; color:#2C5F7C;" | Representative Methods / Tools
|-
| '''[[Methods/Screening and Prioritization|Screening & Prioritization]]''' || Identify which external hazards are credible for a given site and warrant detailed analysis using qualitative and quantitative screening criteria || EPRI screening guidance ([https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002005287 3002005287])
|-
| '''Walkdowns & Field Verification''' || Physically inspect the plant to identify vulnerable structures, systems, and components (SSCs), confirm as‑built configurations, and verify conditions assumed in the analysis || Hazard‑specific field inspections and surveys (for example, high winds vulnerable‑SSC walkdowns and missile surveys per [https://www.epri.com/research/products/000000003002008092 3002008092])
|-
| '''[[Methods/Deterministic Approaches|Deterministic Approaches]]''' || Evaluate whether hazard effects are bounded by design‑basis protections or can be resolved without full probabilistic analysis || Design‑basis evaluation; [[Methods/Tornado Missile Risk Evaluator|TMRE]]; ASCE 7‑22 wind‑load provisions
|-
| '''[[Methods/Probabilistic Risk Assessment|Probabilistic Risk Assessment]]''' || Quantify hazard frequency, SSC fragility, and plant response to estimate risk metrics (core damage frequency (CDF), large early release frequency (LERF)) || External events PRA (HWPRA, XFPRA, SPRA)<br>Typically comprised of event‑tree and/or fault‑tree models
|-
| '''Fragility Analysis''' || Develop conditional failure probabilities for SSCs as a function of hazard intensity || Empirical fragility functions; impact testing correlations
|-
| '''Software & Calculation Tools''' || Compute hazard‑specific parameters — missile strike probability, flood annual exceedance probability, geomagnetically induced current (GIC) levels, and so forth || [[Methods/Tornado Missile Strike Calculator|TMSC]], [[Methods/Tornado Missile Risk Evaluator|TMRE]], TORMIS, [[Methods/PFHA Tools|PFHA models]], [[Methods/Joint Probability Method|JPM]]
|-
| '''Program Integration''' || Fold hazard results into plant risk models, licensing decisions, and operational programs || [[Methods/Climate Vulnerability Assessment|climate vulnerability assessment (CVA)]]
|}

== Pages in This Section ==

;Assessment Process
* [[Methods/Screening and Prioritization|Screening and Prioritization]]
* [[Methods/Walkdowns and Field Verification|Walkdowns and Field Verification]]

;Analytical Methods
* [[Methods/Deterministic Approaches|Deterministic Approaches]]
* [[Methods/Probabilistic Risk Assessment|Probabilistic Risk Assessment]]
* [[Methods/Beyond Design Basis|Beyond Design Basis]]
* [[Methods/Climate Vulnerability Assessment|Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CVA)]]

;Tools and Platforms
* [[Methods/Tornado Missile Risk Evaluator|Tornado Missile Risk Evaluator (TMRE)]]
* [[Methods/Tornado Missile Strike Calculator|Tornado Missile Strike Calculator (TMSC)]]
* [[Methods/PFHA Tools|PFHA Tools (SEFM / RORB_MC)]]
* [[Methods/Joint Probability Method|Joint Probability Method (JPM)]]
* [[Methods/CHIP Climate Projections|CHIP Climate Projections]]

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''EPRI technical point of contact: Chris Rochon ([mailto:CRochon@epri.com CRochon@epri.com])''

''Date last reviewed: 2026-05-20''

Methods and Tools - Revision history

Admin at 18:31, 18 June 2026

Admin: 1 revision imported

10.1.236.167 at 15:54, 2 June 2026